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Typical Ancient Architectural Remains 3
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        The Suspension Temple is situated in the south of Hunyuan county in Shanxi province . It was founded in the Later Northern Wei Dynasty and reconstructed in Jin , Yuan and Ming Dynasties . The temple is built under dangerous rocs above and overlooks a deep valley below . More than thirty halls , chambers , garrets and pavilions are “strewn” on a verdant cliff , and present a sight of looming celestial jade houses . 
         The structure of the temple made full use of structural mechanics . It has remained unimpaired over hundreds of years of erosion by winds and rains and violent earth tremors , denoting the expertise and dexterity of the ancient Chinese in architecture .

  Yungang Grottos are located at the southern cliff of Mount Zhouwu in the western suburbs Datong city in Shanxi province. Now a state-protected key cultural relic , the grottos were excavated on the cliff , extending 1,000 m long from the east to west . The main grottos had been excavated in the Northern Wei Dynasty before it transferred its capital to Luoyang . Now there are 53 grottos , of which 21 are main ones . These grottos contain more than 51,000 stone statues and statuettes , and constitute one of the three most famous grotto architectures in China .
     Songyue Temple Pagoda is situated on the southern side of Mount Song , about six kilometers northwest from Dengfeng county n Henan province . Built in the fourth year of the reign of Zhengguang (523 A. D.) in the Northern Wei Dynasty , it is the oldest brick pagoda now existent in China . Originally , it was a temporary abode of the emperor . In the first year of the reign of Zhengguang of Emperor Xiaoming in the Northern Wei Dynasty it was donated by the emperor to be a Buddhist temple , then named Xian Ju Temple . The name was changed to Songyue Temple at the second year of the reign of Renshou in the Sui Dynasty . The temple was of a fairly large scale in the Northern Wei Dynasty .

  Songyue Temple Pagoda is a dense-eaves brick pagoda with a total height of 41 m. and a 12-sided outer contour . The plane of its central chamber is an octagon with a width of 7.6 m. The thickness of the wall of its ground storey is 2.45 m. The round storey has four doors in the east , west , north and south . Of all the brick pagodas now existent in China , it is the only one that has a 12-sided plane .
The Pagoda is known not only for its unique plane design but also for its graceful contour . The more than 41 m high pagoda rests on a less than 1 m . high brick base . The trunk of the pagoda just accounts for one third of the total height .   The remaining two thirds consist of 15 storeys of dense eaves and temple halls . The dense eaves are made of tiers of bricks and protrude outward . It is brick-walled hollow-cylinder structure . On the upper part of its inner walls are nine levels of dense eaves for installation of wooden beams and floor planks . Though no traces of the planks are seen now , it was a pioneering project of the high cylindrical architecture and a rudimentary form of the now prevailing reinforced concrete modern steel-concrete , multi-storey cylindrical building . 


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